Generative AI is a family of models that learn the statistical structure of data (text, images, audio, code, etc.) and then sample from that learned distribution to create new content. These models are typically built with deep neural architectures such as transformers, diffusion models, and GANs, and can be conditioned on prompts, examples, or structured inputs. In applications, generative models are often combined with retrieval systems, tools, and business logic to ground outputs in real data and workflows. Effective use requires careful attention to safety, reliability, governance, and alignment with domain constraints.

Simulation-Optimization combines computational simulation models with optimization algorithms to find optimal decisions under uncertainty and complex constraints. It runs many simulation scenarios to evaluate candidate solutions, using techniques like genetic algorithms, Bayesian optimization, or reinforcement learning.

Computer vision is an AI pattern where systems automatically interpret and act on visual data from images and video. Models perform tasks such as classification, detection, segmentation, tracking, OCR, and video understanding using deep neural networks and image processing. These models are integrated into applications to automate or augment tasks that previously required human visual inspection. Effective solutions combine data pipelines, model training, deployment, and monitoring tailored to the target environment (edge, mobile, cloud).