Upstart / Affirm

Upstart and Affirm are two separate U.S.-based fintech companies that both use data and machine learning to underwrite and provide consumer credit, but they are not a single combined entity. Upstart focuses on AI-driven personal lending and credit decisioning, while Affirm specializes in buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) installment financing for retail purchases. Because they are distinct public companies, a unified profile will necessarily be high-level and may omit company-specific details.